O intrincado relacionamento entre o negócio da mídia e o desenvolvimento económico
Resumo
As teorias do crescimento são um dos pilares da teoria económica e, por conseguinte, se remontam aos inicios do campo. Embora tenham se desenvolvido diversas abordagens para explicar o crescimento económico, o rol da mídia recém começou a receber atenção académica nos últimos vinte anos. Nosso trabalho vai tentar esclarecer o intrincado relacionamento entre o negócio da mídia ( e seus subsegmentos específicos) e o desenvolvimento económico geral (mais as variáveis que possam intervir). A partir de dados proporcionados por uma consultora internacional, indicadores econômicos do Banco Mundial e outras fontes que esquematizam os “sistemas da mídia” nacional, será exibida a diversidade dos 30 países mais destacados —midiaticamente falando— e serão traçadas as correlações entre eles. Além disso, serão analisadas séries temporais e possíveis relaciones causais segundo dados anuais do período 2001-2010. As análises mostram uma forte correlação entre as rendas anuais das indústrias mediáticas e o PBI. As correlações deslocadas por intervalos de tempo também indicam efeitos anuais. O crescimento no longo prazo da mídia, seu rol na geração de valor económico, as taxas de crescimento económico compostas e o estado geral de desenvolvimento estão estreitamente vinculados entre si e ligados com certas variáveis dos sistemas da mídia como a liberdade de prensa. De qualquer maneira, apesar das taxas de crescimento das indústrias da mídia geralmente dependem do crescimento do PBI, os países menos desenvolvidos disfrutam níveis de crescimento mediático mais alto que os que poderíamos esperar a partir do PBI. Finalmente, o crescimento do mercado da mídia parece estimular o desenvolvimento económico
geral, o que indica uma coevolução.
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