La intrincada relación entre el negocio de los medios y el desarrollo económico
Resumen
Las teorías del crecimiento son uno de los pilares de la teoría económica y, por ende, se remontan a los inicios del campo. Aunque se han desarrollado diversos abordajes para explicar el crecimiento económico, el rol de los medios recién empezó a recibir atención académica en los últimos veinte años. Nuestro trabajo pretenderá esclarecer las intrincadas relaciones entre el negocio de los medios (y sus subsegmentos específicos) y el desarrollo económico general (más las variables que puedan intervenir). A partir de datos proporcionados por una consultora internacional, indicadores económicos del Banco Mundial y otras fuentes que esquematizan los “sistemas de medios” nacionales, exhibiremos la diversidad de los 30 países más destacados —mediáticamente hablando— y trazaremos las correlaciones entre ellos. Además, analizaremos series temporales y posibles relaciones causales según datos anuales del período 2001-2010. Los análisis demuestran una fuerte correlación entre los ingresos anuales de las industrias mediáticas y el PBI. Las correlaciones desplazadas por intervalos de tiempo también indican efectos anuales. El crecimiento a largo plazo de los medios, su rol en la generación de valor económico, las tasas de crecimiento económico compuestas y el estado general de desarrollo están estrechamente vinculados entre sí y ligados con ciertas variables de los sistemas de medios como la libertad de prensa. De todos modos, a pesar de que las tasas de crecimiento de las industrias de medios generalmente dependen del crecimiento del PBI, los países menos desarrollados disfrutan niveles de crecimiento mediático más altos que los que podríamos esperar a partir del PBI. Finalmente, el crecimiento del mercado de medios parece estimular el desarrollo económico general, lo que indica una coevolución.
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