Desinformação e direitos autorais: uma difícil convivencia
Resumo
Como é sabido, as novas tecnologias mudaram fundamentalmente a forma como o conteúdo é produzido, compartilhado e distribuído. Uma das mudanças mais recentes (e preocupantes) é o fenômeno das “notícias falsas”, especialmente porque a desinformação e a deturpação deliberada de informações genuínas começaram a influenciar a tomada de decisão individual na esfera política. É um fenômeno preocupante porque a disseminação de notícias falsas pode colocar em risco os valores democráticos e minar a segurança nacional.
Nesse contexto, vale a pena perguntar se a lei de direitos autorais pode desempenhar um papel na luta contra as notícias falsas. E o mais importante, qual é a relação entre essas notícias e a lei de direitos autorais?
Em teoria, o fake news se enquadra no escopo da proteção de direitos autorais e muitas vezes pode atender aos seus requisitos de proteção. Este artigo analisa três histórias recentes do fake news que se espalharam pela internet e demonstra que tais notícias podem ser protegidas por direitos autorais. O primeiro exemplo é um pequeno artigo, enquanto os outros dois exemplos se referem a uma fotografia alterada digitalmente e a um vídeo. Embora [essas mensagens] sejam potencialmente protegidas por direitos autorais, sugerimos que quaisquer direitos dessa natureza que possam surgir sejam removidos, por motivos de interesse público. Isso porque, quando uma obra goza de proteção de direitos autorais, seus proprietários têm um incentivo para explorá-la, pois o monopólio que lhes é concedido permite o aproveitamento da obra, por exemplo, por meio de licenciamento. Isso pode encorajar os criadores do fake news a divulgá-lo exponencialmente por meio de vários canais para atingir um grande público. A exclusão de direitos autorais pode, portanto, tornar as Notícias Falsas menos atraentes. O artigo também discute resumidamente as defesas de direitos autorais que entidades e indivíduos que verificam a verdade das notícias (verificadores de fatos) podem afirmar, nomeadamente a doutrina do uso justo ao abrigo da lei dos EUA e várias exceções disponíveis ao abrigo da lei da UE (e do Reino Unido), nomeadamente o uso transitório , extração de dados e texto, exceção de crítica e revisão e segurança pública.
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