Autoridade algoritmica? considerações sobre da autoridade de obras geradas pela inteligência artificial
Resumo
Os avanços tecnológicos em inteligência artificial estão fazendo com que o atual sistema de proteção de direitos autorais seja repensado. Este trabalho de pesquisa busca realizar uma abordagem para a análise de quem detém os direitos autorais sobre obras geradas por inteligência artificial. Discute-se se a legislação atual permite a chamada autoria algorítmica e os diferentes cenários envolvidos na determinação da autoria deste tipo de obras são avaliados. É debatido se a autoria deve ficar com o programador, o usuario do sistema ou a pessoa que encomendou o trabalho. Conclui-se que atualmente não há solução jurídica expressa e, portanto, deve-se buscar uma regulamentação de acordo com os novos desafios tecnológicos com base na consenso dos diferentes atores que fazem a vida no mundo da propriedade intelectual.
Downloads
Referências
Antequera Parilli, R y Gómez, G. (1999). Legislación Sobre Derechos de Autor y Derechos Conexos. Caracas: Editorial Jurídica Venezolana.
Azuaje Pirela, M. (2020). Protección jurídica de los productos de la inteligencia artificial en el sistema de propiedad intelectual. Revista Jurídica Austral, 1(1), 319-342. https://doi.org/10.26422/RJA.2020.0101.azu.
Bercovitz, R. (2007). Comentarios al art. 10 LPI. En Bercovitz, R. (Coord.), Comentarios a la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (3ª ed., pp. 151 y ss.). Madrid: Tecnos.
Boden, M. (2004). Creativity and Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence, 103(1), 347-356.
Boyden, B. (2016). Emergent Works. Columbia Journal of Law & The Arts, 39(3), pp. 377- 394). https://journals.cdrs.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2016/06/7-39.3-Boyden.pdf.
Brandt, A. K. y Eagleman, D. (2017). The runaway species: How human creativity remakes the world. Edimburgo: Canongate Books.
Bridy, A. (2012). Coding Creativity: Copyright and the Artificially Intelligent Author. Stanford Technology Law Review, 5, 1-28. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1888622.
Brow, N. I. (2017). Artificial Authors: a Case For Copyright in Computer-Generated Works. Science and Technology Law Review, 20(1), 1-41. https://doi.org/10.7916/stlr.v20i1.4766.
Colton, S. (2008). Creativity vs the perception of creativity in computational systems. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Creativity-Versus-the-Perception-of-Creativity-in-Colton/a2eab9219192b14f5019e346566668bf4986f591.
Denicola, R. (2016). Ex Machina: Copyright Protection for Computer-Generated Works. Rutgers University Law Review, 251. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3007842.
Díaz, J. (2016). Daddy’s Car: inteligencia artificial como herramienta facilitadora de los derechos de autor. Revista de la Propiedad Inmaterial, (22), 83-100.
Fernández, H. (2011). Manual de los Derechos de Autor. Buenos Aires: Editorial Heliasta.
Frankish, K. y Ramsey, W. (Eds.). (2014). The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139046855.
García, T. (2016). Análisis del criterio de originalidad para la tutela de la obra en el contexto de la ley de propiedad intelectual. Anuario Jurídico y Económico Escurialense, XLIX, 251-274.
Ginsburg, J. C. (2003). The Concept of Authorship in Comparative Copyright Law. Columbia Law School. https://ssrn.com/abstract=368481.
Ginsburg, J. C. (2018). People not machines: Authorship and what it means in Bern Convention. The International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 49(2), 131-135. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40319-018-0670-x.
Glasser, D. (2001). Copyrights in Computer-Generated Works: Whom, if Anyone, Do We Reward? Duke Law & Technology Review, 1. https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol1/iss1/24/.
Gopinath R., Ajay R. y Sanjay C. (2019). An Introduction to Machine Learning. California: Springer. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030157289.
Grimmelmann, J. (2016). Copyright for Literate Robots. Iowa Law Review, (101). 657-681.
Hertzmamm, A. (2018). Can Computers Create Art? https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.04486.pdf.
Hobbes, T. (1989). Leviatán, la Materia forma y poder de un estado eclesiástico y civil (1a ed.). Madrid: Alianza.
Hristov, K. (2017). Artificial intelligence and the copyright dilemma. IDEA: The IP Law Review, 57(431). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2976428.
Jordanous, A. (2012). A Standardised Procedure for Evaluating Creative Systems: Computational Creativity Evaluation Based on What it is to be Creative. Cognitive Computation, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-012-9156-1.
Kaminski. M. (2017). Authorship, Disrupted: AI Authors in Copyright and First Amendment Law. Uniersity of California Davis Law Review, 51, pp. 589-616. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3086912.
Kulstad, M. y Laurence, C. (2013). Leibniz’s Philosophy of Mind. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia/archinfo.cgi?entry=leibniz-mind.
Kurt, D. (2018). Artistic Creativity in Artificial Intelligence. https://theses.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/123456789/5631/Kurt%2C_D.E._1.pdf?sequence=1.
Lipszyc, D. (2017). Derecho de autor y derechos conexos. Bogotá: Centro Regional para el Fomento del Libro en América Latina y el Caribe (CERLALC). https://cerlalc.org/publicaciones/derecho-de-autor-y-derechos-conexos/.
López de Mántaras Badia, R. (2013). Creatividad computacional. Arbor, 189(764), a082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2013.764n6005.
Navas, S. (2018). Obras generadas por algoritmos. En torno a su posible protección jurídica. Revista de Derecho Civil, 5(2), pp. 273-291.
Parlamento Europeo. (2017). Informe con recomendaciones destinadas a la Comisión sobre normas de Derecho Civil sobre Robótica. A8-0005/2017. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-8-2017-0005_ES.pdf.
Pease, A. y Colton, S. (2011). On impact and evaluation in computational creativity: a discussion of the Turing Test and an alternative proposal. En Kazakov, D. y Tsoulas, G. (Eds.), Proceedings of AISB ’11: computing and philosophy (pp. 15-22). York: Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour.
Perry, M. y Margoni, T. (2010). From Music Tracks to Google Maps: Who Owns Computer Generated Works? Computer Law and Security Review, 26, 621-629. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1647584.
Ramalho, A. (2017). Will Robots Rule the (Artistic) World? A Proposed Model for the Legal Status of Creations by Artificial Intelligence Systems. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2987757.
Real Academia Española (s.f.). Diccionario de la lengua española (23ª ed., versión 23.3 en línea). https://dle.rae.es/inteligencia.
Ríos Ruiz, W. (2001). Los sistemas de inteligencia artificial y la propiedad intelectual de las obras creadas, producidas o generadas mediante ordenador. Revista La Propiedad Inmaterial, (3), 5-14.
Ritchie, G. D. y Hanna, F. K. (1984). AM: A case study in AI methodology. Artificial Intelligence, (23), 249-268.
Ruipérez de Azcárate, C. (2012). Las Obras del Espíritu y su Originalidad. Madrid: Editorial Reus.
Saiz García, C. (2019). Las obras creadas por sistemas de inteligencia artificial y su protección por el derecho de autor. InDret, 1. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3365458.
Samuelson, P. (1985). Allocating Ownership rights in computer-generated works. University of Pittsburgh Law Review, 47. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Allocating-Ownership-Rights-in-Computer-Generated-Samuelson/accb9aafa77f06f97b2255bf3bdf836046c53714.
Shlomit Yanisky-Ravid y Vélez-Hernández, L. (2018). Copyrightability of Artworks Produced by Creative Robots and Originality: The Formality-Objective Model. Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology, 19(1), 1-53. https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mjlst/vol19/iss1/11.
Sorjamaa. T. (2016). I, Author, autorship and copyright in the age of artificial intelligence. https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/166456/sorjamaa.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y.
Strokes, P. (2005). Creativity from Constraints: The Psychology of Breakthrough. Springer.
Velasco, P. (2007). Psicología y Creatividad. Una Revisión desde los autoretratos. Caracas: Fondo Editorial de humanidades de la Universidad Central de Venezuela.
Copyright (c) 2020 Luis Vásquez Leal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Esta licencia permite copiar, distribuir, exhibir y representar la obra siempre y cuando se reconozca la autoría y se cite la obra de la forma adecuada. No se permite el uso comercial de la obra original ni la generación de obras derivadas.
Los autores garantizan a la Revista Iberoamericana de la Propiedad Intelectual el derecho de ser la primera publicación del trabajo.
