Proteção à propriedade intelectual na indústria de software: uma revisão sistemática
Resumo
A protecção da propriedade intelectual na indústria de software, especialmente os direitos de autor, é cada vez mais crucial. Este artigo investiga os desafios legais e técnicos da salvaguarda de software, destacando a ambiguidade na sua classificação como um bem ou serviço, a reutilização de código protegido e a falta de harmonização jurídica internacional. Através de uma revisão sistemática de 28 artigos acadêmicos utilizando a metodologia PRISMA e bases de dados como Scopus, Web of Science e Google Scholar, foram identificadas três categorias principais: Direitos Autorais (100%), Patentes (46%) e Segredo Comercial (4%). A análise bibliométrica revela um aumento no estudo dos direitos autorais de software desde 2019, embora sem avanços significativos em 2022 e 2023, indicando uma lacuna na pesquisa. Na América Latina, Brasil e Colômbia se destacam nesse campo, enquanto outros países como o Peru focam mais em patentes. Além disso, é explorado o impacto de tecnologias emergentes, como inteligência artificial, algoritmos avançados e software baseado em nuvem, apresentando novos desafios à autoria e à regulamentação legal. Estes avanços sublinham a necessidade de rever e adaptar as leis para abordar as características específicas do software moderno. No que diz respeito à pirataria, observa-se uma evolução nas contramedidas, impulsionada pela globalização e pelo avanço tecnológico, embora a resposta na América Latina tenha sido mais lenta devido aos desafios económicos e sociais. O estudo conclui que uma abordagem flexível e personalizada é essencial para proteger o software, estimular a inovação e abordar as complexidades jurídicas da era digital.
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