Between the Legal Formalism in the Application of Provisional Measures by the International Court of Justice and the Elementary Principles of Humanity: The Case of South Africa against Israel

Keywords: genocide, International Court of Justice, provisional measures, suspension of military operations

Abstract

This article analyzes the procedure for requesting and ordering provisional measures in the South Africa versus Israel case regarding the application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in the Gaza Strip in order to infer the reasons why the International Court of Justice has not considered or ruled on this provisional measure and to state what possibilities South Africa has to request these measures again if new facts or circumstances arise in March 2024.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Libia Arenal Lora, Universidad de Sevilla

Licenciada en Derecho (Universidad Complutense de Madrid). Magíster Universitario en Desarrollo y Cooperación (Universidad Complutense de Madrid). Diploma de Estudios Avanzados (Universidad Pablo de Olavide). Doctora en Derecho (Derecho Internacional Público, Universidad de Sevilla). Directora de la Fundación para la Cooperación APY-Solidaridad (Sevilla, España). Profesora asociada de Derecho Internacional Público (Universidad de Sevilla).

References

Arévalo-Ramírez, W. (2022). The International Court of Justice and the international humanitarian law rules for armed conflicts. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 20(38), 425-442. https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.912.

Becker, M. A. (2024). Desperate Times, Desperate (Provisional) Measures: Rafah and South Africa’s Latest Action at the ICJ. VerfBlog. https://verfassungsblog.de/desperate-times-desperate-provisional-measures.

Buchan, R. (29 de noviembre de 2023). Self-Defence as an Exception to the Principle of Non-Use of Force: Debunking the Myth. EJIL: Talk! Blog of the European Journal of International Law. https://www.ejiltalk.org/self-defence-as-an-exception-to-the-principle-of-non-use-of-force-debunking-the-myth/.

Corte Internacional de Justicia. (9 de julio de 2004). Consecuencias Jurídicas de la Construcción de un Muro en el Territorio Palestino Ocupado. Opinión consultiva. http://www.icj-cij.org/cijwww/cdocket/cmwp/cmwpframe.htm.

Couzigou, I. (2017). Enforcement of UN Security Council Resolutions and of ICJ Judgments: The Unreliability of Political Enforcement Mechanisms. En Jakab, A. y Kochenov, D. (Eds.), The Enforcement of EU Law and Values: Ensuring Member States' Compliance (pp. 363-378). Oxford Academic. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198746560.003.0022.

Gill, T. (13 de noviembre de 2023). The ICJ Wall Advisory Opinion and Israel’s Right of Self-Defence in Relation to the Current Armed Conflict in Gaza. Armed Groups and International Law. https://www.armedgroups-internationallaw.org/2023/11/13/the-icj-wall-advisory-opinion-and-israels-right-of-self-defence-in-relation-to-the-current-armed-conflict-in-gaza/#:~:text=The%20Advisory%20Opinion%20then%20went,the%20wall%20was%20supposed%20to.

Higgins, R. (1998). Interim Measures for the Protection of Human Rights. 36 Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, (91), 91-108.

International Committee of the Red Cross. (13 de octubre de 2023). Israel and the occupied territories: Evacuation order of Gaza triggers catastrophic humanitarian consequences. https://www.icrc.org/en/document/israel-and-occupied-territories-evacuation-order-of-gaza-triggers-catastrophic-humanitarian-consequences.

Lando, M. (2017). Compliance with Provisional Measures Indicated by the International Court of Justice. Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 8(1), 22-55. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnlids/idv029.

Lee-Iwamoto, Y. (2002). The Protection of Human Life through Provisional Measures Indicated by the International Court of Justice. Leiden Journal of International Law, 15(2), 345-366.

Lempel, J. (8 de enero de 2024). Why the ICJ Cannot Order Israel to Stop the War in Gaza as a Provisional Measure. EJIL: Talk! Blog of the European Journal of International Law. https://www.ejiltalk.org/why-the-icj-cannot-order-israel-to-stop-the-war-in-gaza-as-a-provisional-measure/.

Miles, C. (2018). Provisional Measures and The ‘New’ Plausibility In The Jurisprudence of The International Court Of Justice. The British Yearbook of International Law, bry011. https://doi.org/10.1093/bybil/bry011.

Remiro Brotons, A. (1 de febrero de 2024). Perspectivas e implicaciones de la Orden de la Corte Internacional de Justicia (CIJ) en el caso Sudáfrica contra Israel. Real Instituto El Cano. https://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/analisis/perspectivas-e-implicaciones-de-la-orden-de-la-corte internacional-de-justicia-cij-en-el-caso-sudafrica-contra-israel/.

Save the Children. (7 de noviembre de 2023). Children’s Mental Health in Gaza Pushed beyond Breaking Point after Nearly a Month of Siege and Bombardment. https://www.savethechildren.net/news/children-s-mental-health-gaza-pushed-beyond-breaking-point-after-nearly-month-siege-and.

Schmitt, M. N. (10 de octubre de 2023). Israel – Hamas 2023 Symposium – The Legal Context of Operations Al-Aqsa Flood and Swords of Iron. Lieber Institut.

Sparks, T. y Somos, M. (2021). The humanisations of provisional measures? Plausibility and the interim protection of rights before de ICJ. MPIL Research Paper Series, (20).

Uchkunova, I. (1 de enero de 2013). Provisional Measures before the International Court of Justice. The Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals.

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. (9 de enero de 2023). Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel | Flash Update #88. https://www.ochaopt.org/content/hostilities-gaza-strip-and-israel-flash-update-88.

United Nations. (20 de noviembre de 2023). Women bearing the brunt of Israel-Gaza conflict: UN expert. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/11/women-bearing-brunt-israel-gaza-conflict-un-expert.

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. (27 de diciembre de 2023). Hostilities in Gaza Strip and Israel | Flash Update #78. https://www.ochaopt.org/content/hostilities-gaza-strip-and-israel-flash-update-78.

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. (3 de enero de 2024). Hostilities in Gaza Strip and Israel | Flash Update #83. https://www.ochaopt.org/content/hostilities-gaza-strip-and-israel-flash-update-83.

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. (5 de enero de 2024). Hostilities in Gaza Strip and Israel | reported impact | Day 90. https://www.ochaopt.org/content/hostilities-gaza-strip-and-israel-reported-impact-day-90.

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. (6 de enero de 2024). Hostilities in Gaza Strip and Israel | Flash Update #85. https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/hostilities-gaza-strip-and-israel-flash-update-85.

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. (9 de enero de 2024). Hostilities in Gaza Strip and Israel | Flash Update #88. https://www.ochaopt.org/content/hostilities-gaza-strip-and-israel-flash-update-88.

United Nations. Economic and Social Council Commission on Human Rights. (16 de marzo de 2001). Report of the human rights inquiry commission established pursuant to Commission resolution S-5/1 of 19 October 2000. E/CN.4/2001/121. https://undocs.org/E/CN.4/2001/121.

United Nations. General Assembly. (22 de octubre de 2001). Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, Michael Lynk. A/76/433. https://undocs.org/A/76/433.

United Nations. General Assembly. (12 de septiembre de 2018). Report of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar, UN doc. A/HRC/39/64. https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g18/274/54/pdf/g1827454.pdf?token=DETYNwtmZD5Z7y9rSy&fe=true.

United Nations. Human Rights Council. (1 de septiembre de 2008). Report of the high-level fact-finding mission to Beit Hanoun established under Council resolution S-3/1. A/HRC/9/26. https://undocs.org/A/HRC/9/26.

United Nations. Human Rights Council. (25 de septiembre de 2009). Report of the United Nations Fact-Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict. A/HRC/12/48. https://undocs.org/A/HRC/12/48.

United Nations. Human Rights Council. (24 de junio de 2015). Report of the independent commission of inquiry established pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution S-21/1. A/HRC/29/52. https://undocs.org/A/HRC/29/52.

United Nations. Human Rights Council. (18 de marzo de 2019). Report of the detailed findings of the independent international Commission of inquiry on the protests in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. A/HRC/40/CRP.2 https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/A.HRC_.40.CPR_.2.pdf.

United Nations. Human Rights Council. (22 de diciembre de 2020). Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, Michael Lynk. A/HRC/44/60. https://undocs.org/A/HRC/44/60.

Published
2024-06-28
How to Cite
Arenal Lora, L. (2024). Between the Legal Formalism in the Application of Provisional Measures by the International Court of Justice and the Elementary Principles of Humanity: The Case of South Africa against Israel. Revista Jurídica Austral, 5(1), 167-209. https://doi.org/10.26422/RJA.2024.0501.are
Section
Research Articles