¿El retroceso de los derechos humanos en Europa?

Laurence R. Helfer; Erik Voeten

doi:10.26422/RJA.2021.0202.hel

Laurence R. Helfer Duke University School of Law
Erik Voeten Georgetown University

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26422/RJA.2021.0202.hel

Palabras clave: derechos humanos, Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, disidencias por regresión, derechos protegidos, revocación de sentencias anteriores, democracias establecidas, doctrinas jurídicas anteriores

Resumen

Jueces y académicos llevan mucho tiempo debatiendo si el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos (en adelante, TEDH o el Tribunal) puede solo ampliar la protección de los derechos humanos en Europa, pero nunca disminuirlos. Estudios recientes han constatado que las reacciones políticas y las restricciones nacionales han influido en la jurisprudencia del TEDH. Sin embargo, analizar si el TEDH está cambiando hacia una dirección regresiva supone un reto empírico: ¿cómo podemos determinar si el Tribunal está limitando los derechos a lo largo del tiempo si nunca ha revocado expresamente una sentencia anterior en un sentido que favorezca al Gobierno? Para responder a esta pregunta, analizamos todas las opiniones separadas y minoritarias de la Gran Sala del TEDH entre 1998 y 2018. Nos centramos en las opiniones que afirman que la Gran Sala ha revocado tácitamente sentencias anteriores o doctrina establecida para favorecer al Estado demandado, lo que denominamos “disidencias por regresión”. Descubrimos que estas se han vuelto significativamente más comunes en la última década, lo que revela que algunos miembros del TEDH creen que la Gran Sala está revocando cada vez más sentencias anteriores en una dirección regresiva.

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Biografía del autor/a

Laurence R. Helfer, Duke University School of Law

Harry R. Chadwick, profesor de Derecho, Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Duke (Estados Unidos). Profesor invitado permanente, iCourts: Centro de Excelencia para Tribunales Internacionales, Universidad de Copenhague (Dinamarca).

Erik Voeten, Georgetown University

Peter F. Krogh, profesor de Geopolítica y Justicia en Asuntos Mundiales, Escuela de Servicio Exterior Edmund A. Walsh, Universidad de Georgetown (Estados Unidos).

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