Training of Artificial Intelligence, and the Limitations of Press Publishers’ Rights
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26422/RIPI.2026.2400.varKeywords:
generative artificial intelligence, copyright law, text and data mining, large language model, copyright exceptionsAbstract
This article examines how generative artificial intelligence interacts with copyright law in the European Union. It focuses on the preliminary ruling request C-250/25 (Like Company v. Google) and the new transparency rules in the Artificial Intelligence Act. The study uses a qualitative method, reviewing procedural documents, expert opinions, and literature on text and data mining exceptions. The findings reveal that the current European legal framework is unclear in several areas. The rights of newspaper publishers, as set out in Article 15 of Directive 2019/790/EU, do not fully address the challenges of training foundational models and using Augmented Recall Generation techniques. In addition, the transparency rules in the new AI framework do not solve the practical issues around opt-out rights for individual creators. As a result, using traditional legal categories for these new technologies could slow down innovation. The article suggests that more flexible and fair approaches are needed to support AI development while ensuring creators are properly paid.
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