Os desafios da propriedade intelectual nas expressões tradicionais dos povos indígenas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26422/RIPI.2025.2200.gonPalavras-chave:
propriedade intelectual, expressões tradicionais, povos indígenas, conhecimento tradicional, práticas ancestraisResumo
O conhecimento tradicional — que abrange sabedoria, experiência, habilidades e práticas desenvolvidas, mantidas e transmitidas de geração em geração — possui um valor intrínseco que transcende o meramente econômico. Este artigo examina de forma abrangente os desafios e as tendências teóricas enfrentados pelos sistemas de proteção da propriedade intelectual para a proteção das expressões tradicionais dos povos indígenas e do conhecimento tradicional em todo o mundo. Para tanto, utiliza-se de pesquisa documental sistemática que incorpora o método jurídico dogmático e o direito comparado. A questão norteadora é quais são os desafios e as tendências teóricas na proteção da propriedade intelectual das expressões tradicionais dos povos indígenas. Os resultados apresentam os desafios que limitam a proteção da propriedade intelectual das expressões tradicionais dos povos indígenas e as tendências teóricas utilizadas para sua proteção. Esta pesquisa conclui que a proteção da propriedade intelectual contém barreiras históricas inerentes aos povos indígenas, enraizadas na legislação internacional e nacional, e que surgem desafios — como as consequências do colonialismo, da globalização e do desenvolvimento industrial — que são intransponíveis além da vontade dos Estados. Concebem-se tendências teóricas e metodológicas alternativas, como a abordagem sui generis para a proteção do conhecimento tradicional e das expressões culturais tradicionais, além da cogestão do legado cultural dos povos indígenas, da autorregulamentação e do reconhecimento do direito consuetudinário. A importância de garantir a justiça social, a equidade, a preservação do patrimônio e o fortalecimento da identidade cultural indígena também é evidente.
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