Reflections on the “One China” Principle: Its Impact on International Politics and Public International Law

Abstract

This article presents a series of theoretical and practical reflections on the "One China" principle within the context of international politics and international law. From 1949, when the People's Republic of China was established, to the present, the principle has gained strength not only as a consequence of China's rise as a great power — a process that accelerated in the last decade of the 20th century and the first decades of the 21st —but also due to its acceptance and validation by the international community.

The "One China" principle prohibits dual recognition, limits the international capacity of the less recognized state, but strengthens the political power and exercise of influence of the state widely recognized. Between 1949 and 1971, the United Nations, along with most countries in the international community, recognized the Republic of China (Taiwán), which, in addition to being a founding member of the organization, also held a permanent seat on the Security Council. After decades of failed attempts, largely supported only by socialist countries, the People's Republic of China (China) succeeded in changing its representation in the organization. Alongside this process, Taiwán began a progressive and irreversible decline in international recognition. What are the main implications of the "One China" principle in the realm of international politics and international law?